Method for providing chatting service with chatbot assisted by human counselor

ABSTRACT

Provided is a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. The method includes transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal in an unmanned dialogue model, analyzing the dialogue to determine whether a counselor switching situation has occurred, transmitting a dialogue handover request including information regarding the dialogue to a counselor management apparatus when it is determined that the counselor switching situation has occurred, and automatically switching into a mode for relaying transmission or reception of messages between the user terminal and a counselor terminal that receives a task for processing the dialogue handover request allocated by the counselor management apparatus.

This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No.10-2017-0094263 filed on Jul. 25, 2017 in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Disclosure

The inventive concept relates to a method of providing an unmanneddialogue service assisted by a human counselor, and more particularly,to a method of providing an unmanned dialogue service in which, when anunmanned dialogue service is provided between a user and a chatbot, ahuman counselor assists incompleteness of the chatbot.

2. Description of the Related Art

A technique for communicating with software on a messenger has beenprovided. According to this technique, users can continue dialogue withthe software on a messenger. The software is generally referred to as achatbot or a chatting bot. A chatting bot may be implemented to respondto a user's questions according to defined response rules. Artificialintelligence technology may be combined to enhance a chatting bot'sdialogue skills.

As time passes, a chatting bot's dialogue skills will continue toevolve, but do not reach human dialogue skills yet. Therefore, it isrequired to provide a chatting bot service, that is, an unmanneddialogue service capable of appropriately complementing theincompleteness of chatting bots.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the inventive concept provide an unmanned dialogue serviceproviding method and apparatus that automatically switch into a chattingdialogue service with a human counselor when a situation in which aspeaker should be changed to the human counselor instead of a chattingbot is detected through analysis of a dialogue between a user and thechatting bot.

Aspects of the inventive concept also provide an unmanned dialogueservice providing method and apparatus that switch into a service forchatting with a human counselor after preferential checking by the humanagent when a counselor switching situation is detected through analysisof the dialogue between the user and the chatbot.

It should be noted that objects of the inventive concept are not limitedto the above-described objects, and other objects of the inventiveconcept will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the followingdescriptions.

According to an aspect of the inventive concept, there is provided Amethod of providing an unmanned dialogue service, which is performed byan unmanned dialogue service apparatus, the method comprising:transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue toor from a user terminal in an unmanned dialogue model; analyzing thedialogue and determining whether a counselor switching situation hasoccurred; transmitting a dialogue handover request including informationregarding the dialogue to a counselor management apparatus when it isdetermined that the counselor switching situation has occurred; andautomatically switching into a mode for relaying transmission orreception of messages between the user terminal and a counselor terminalthat receives a task for processing the dialogue handover requestallocated by the counselor management apparatus.

According to another aspect of the inventive concept, there is providedA method of providing an unmanned dialogue service, which is performedby an unmanned dialogue service apparatus, the method comprising:transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogue toor from a user terminal in an unmanned dialogue model; analyzing thedialogue and determining whether an abnormal situation has occurred;transmitting an assistance request including information regarding thedialogue to a human agent system when it is determined that the abnormalsituation has occurred; and automatically switching into a mode fortransmitting or receiving message between the user terminal and acounselor terminal according to a counselor switching command input of ahuman agent through the human agent terminal, the human agent terminalbeing connected to the human agent system and configured to receive atask for processing the assistance request allocated by the human agentsystem, wherein the determining of whether an abnormal situation hasoccurred comprises: detecting a negative expression from text that isreceived from the user terminal and constitutes the dialogue; anddetermining whether an abnormal situation has occurred using at leastone of the number and frequency of negative expressions detected.

According to another aspect of the inventive concept, there is providedAn unmanned dialogue service apparatus comprising: an utterance datainput unit configured to transmit or receive text message dataconstituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal in an unmanneddialogue model; and a counselor switching situation determination unitconfigured to analyze the dialogue and determine whether a counselorswitching situation has occurred, configured to transmit a dialoguehandover request including information regarding the dialogue to acounselor management apparatus when it is determined that the counselorswitching situation has occurred, and configured to automaticallyswitch, for the dialogue, into a mode for relaying transmission orreception of messages between the user terminal and a counselor terminalthat receives a task for processing the dialogue handover requestallocated by the counselor management apparatus.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects and features of the inventive concept willbecome more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodimentsthereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a first configuration diagram of an unmanned dialogue servicesystem according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a second configuration diagram of an unmanned dialogue servicesystem according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a first block diagram of an unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a second block diagram of an unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a first flowchart of an unmanned dialogue service providingmethod according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a second flowchart of an unmanned dialogue service providingmethod according to an embodiment; and

FIGS. 7A to 7C are conceptual views illustrating an operation performedwhen a dialogue is determined as being abnormal, according to someembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the attached drawings. Advantages andfeatures of the present invention and methods of accomplishing the samemay be understood more readily by reference to the following detaileddescription of preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Thepresent invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms andshould not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forthherein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosurewill be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concept of theinvention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention willonly be defined by the appended claims. Like numbers refer to likeelements throughout.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms including technical and scientificterms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ofordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, itwill be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonlyused dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent heir meaning in the context of the relevant art and thepresent disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized oroverly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. The terms usedherein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only andis not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms areintended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the inventive concept will be describedwith reference to the drawings.

The configurations and operations of unmanned dialogue service providingsystems according to some embodiments of the inventive concept will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a first embodiment of the unmanneddialogue service providing system. As shown in FIG. 1, the unmanneddialogue service providing system according to this embodiment includesan unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 and a counselor managementapparatus 300. Alternatively, the unmanned dialogue service providingsystem may further include a human agent management apparatus 200 aswell as the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 and the counselormanagement apparatus 300.

The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 is connected to userterminals 10 a, 10 b, and 10 c over a network such as the Internet. Theunmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 provides, to the user terminals10 a, 10 b, and 10 c, a messenger dialogue service with a chatting bot.The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 manages a dialogue composedof a user message input through the user terminals 10 a, 10 b, and 10 cand a chatting bot message created by the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 in response to the user message. In order to manage thedialogue, the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 may store one ormore dialogue models.

The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 analyzes the dialogue todetermine whether the dialogue is in an “counselor switching situation.”When it is determined that the dialogue is in the counselor switchingsituation, the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 transmits, to thecounselor management apparatus 300, a dialogue handover requestincluding information regarding the dialogue. History information of thedialogue may be included in the dialogue handover request. In thehistory information, messages of the user and messages of the chattingbot may be arranged in the order of time.

The counselor management apparatus 300 may be connected to a pluralityof counselor terminals 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, and 30 d over a network. Theplurality of counselor terminals 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, and 30 d are terminaldevices that are used by human counselors. The counselor managementapparatus 300 allocates a task for processing the handover request toone of the plurality of counselor terminals 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, and 30 d.

The counselor switching situation indicates a situation in which it isno longer possible for the chatting bot to advance the dialogue with theuser. The term “counselor switching situation” will be described indetail below with reference to some specific examples.

In an embodiment, when a predetermined expression is detected from thetext constituting the dialogue, it may be determined that the counselorswitching situation has occurred. In this case, the predeterminedexpression includes a keyword and a natural language expressionindicating a human-counselor-dedicated task. For example, a keyword anda natural language expression related to a task in which it is worth fora human counselor to intervene may be included in the predeterminedexpression. For example, a key word “card lost” or “loan consultation”and a natural language expression such as “I want to make a new creditcard” or “I want to borrow a business loan” are included in thepredetermined expression.

In an embodiment, when the intention of the recent message received fromthe user terminal is a request to process the human-counselor-dedicatedtask, it may be determined that the counselor switching situation hasoccurred. For example, when the user intention contained in the recentmessage is determined as “I want to get a loan consultation,” it may bedetermined that the counseling switching situation has occurred. Variouscomputing methodologies, such as a pattern matching scheme, a rule-basedscheme, and a machine-learning-based intention determination modellearning scheme, may be utilized to extract the user's utteranceintentions from the user's message.

In an embodiment, a negative expression may be detected from text thatis received from the user terminal and constitutes the dialogue, and acounselor switching situation has occurred may be determined using atleast one of the number and frequency of negative expressions detected.

In an embodiment, the negative expression indicates a predeterminedbanned word. The banned word may include at least one of profanities,obscene phrases, and one or more custom banned words designated by anunmanned dialogue service provider.

In another embodiment, the negative expression is an expressionindicating a negative sentiment. Whether the expression indicates anegative sentiment may be determined utilizing sentiment analysis, whichis a well-known technology. That is, if a result obtained by performingsentiment analysis on a newly input user message does not reach areference (i.e., the result is analyzed as a negative sentiment withrespect to the reference), the dialogue may be determined as being inthe abnormal situation. Refer to the following documents for thesentiment analysis.

-   -   Web document “https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment analysis”    -   Liu, Bing (2010). “Sentiment Analysis and Subjectivity”. In        Indurkhya, N.; Damerau, F. J. Handbook of Natural Language        Processing (Second ed.)

In an embodiment, when an expression for calling a counselor is detectedfrom text that is received from the user terminal and constitutes thedialogue, it may be determined that the counselor switching situationhas occurred. For example, when the recent text that is received fromthe user terminal and constitutes the dialogue is “I want to talk to thecounselor,” it may be determined that the counselor switching situationhas occurred.

In an embodiment, when it is not possible to identify the intention ofthe message recently received from the user terminal according to adialogue model of the dialogue and also a counter-question foridentifying the intention is asked a predetermined number of times ormore, it may be determined that the counselor switching situation hasoccurred. For example, it may be difficult to determine whether theintention of the user's recent message “My notebook went flat, and whereshould I go?” is an inquiry for notebook AS center location or aninquiry for notebook sales stores, and also the user intention cannot beidentified although a counter-question sentence is created to identifythe intention a predetermined number of times or more. In this case, itmay be determined that the counselor switching situation has occurred.

In an embodiment, the dialogue model of the dialogue may be a scenariomodel, and also slot filling may not be completed although apredetermined time passes after the dialogue is started or a user makesan answer a predetermined number of times or more in response to aquestion message of the chatting bot. In this case, it may be determinedthat the counselor switching situation has occurred. For example, adialogue model of a chatting bot making a dialogue with a user may be aslot-filling-based scenario model, and also the slot filling may not becompleted although a total of five slots (e.g., name, gender, age,residence, vehicle presence) need to be obtained from the user among atotal of fifteen user answers (e.g., the predetermined number is 15). Inthis case, it may be determined that the counselor switching situationhas occurred. When the chatting bot continues to be responsible for slotfilling, a user will not feel that the dialogue is proceeding and alsowill be dissatisfied with the service. According to this embodiment, bypreferentially giving an opportunity for the slot filling to thechatting bot and then enabling a special counselor to quickly processunfilled slots when the chat bot is not successful in the slot fillingwithin a given time or a given number of dialogues, it is possible toprevent complaint factors of the user.

In an embodiment, when the duration of the dialogue exceeds a reference,it is determined whether the counselor switching situation has occurred.For example, the dialogue model of the dialogue is a scenario model, andthus there may not be a reason to talk for a long time like a dailydialogue model. In this case, when the duration of the dialogue exceedsthe reference, it may be determined that the counselor switchingsituation has occurred.

The reference of the duration of the dialogue may be set depending onthe dialogue model. For example, when the currently applied dialoguemodel is a daily dialogue model or a question-answer dialogue model, thereference of the duration of the dialogue may be set to a long ormaximum value. On the other hand, when the currently applied dialoguemodel is a scenario-based model, it is preferable that the reference ofthe duration of the dialogue be set based on an estimated time from ascenario entry time to a scenario exit time. For example, the estimatedtime from the scenario entry time to the scenario exit time may be setto a longer value as the number of states that should be experiencedfrom the scenario entry time to the scenario exit time increases.

The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 analyzes the dialogue tofurther determine whether the dialogue is in an “abnormal situation.”The term “abnormal situation” indicates a state in which the chattingbot is no longer appropriate to advance the dialogue with the user. Whenit is determined that the abnormal situation has occurred, the unmanneddialogue service apparatus 100 may transmit an assistance request to thehuman agent management apparatus 200.

In this case, a human agent may check history information of thedialogue through a human agent user interface displayed on a human agentterminal and then input a counselor switching command (see FIG. 7B orFIG. 7C) or a command for continuing the unmanned dialogue (see FIG. 7A)depending on the severity of the expression.

The human agent management apparatus 200 is connected to a plurality ofhuman agent terminals 20 a, 20 b, 20 c, and 20 d over a network. Theplurality of human agent terminals 20 a, 20 b, 20 c, and 20 d areterminal devices used by the human agent. The human agent managementapparatus 200 allocates a task for processing the assistance request toone of the plurality of human agent terminals.

Whether the abnormal situation has occurred may be determined using atleast one of the number and frequency of negative expressions detectedin the dialogue. However, as described above, the counselor switchingsituation may also be determined on the basis of at least one of thenumber or frequency of negative expressions detected in the dialogue. Inthis case, it can be understood that the criterion of the counselorswitching situation is stricter than that of the abnormal situation. Forexample, when two negative expressions are detected in the dialogue, theunmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 may determine that the abnormalsituation has occurred and transmit the assistance request to the humanagent management apparatus 200. When five negative expressions aredetected in the dialogue, the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100may determine that the counselor switching situation has occurred andthen transmit the dialogue handover request to the counselor managementapparatus 300.

The ability required for the human agent may be an average languagecomprehension ability of adults. The human agent is distinguished from acounselor that is specially trained in association with a response to auser's request.

The human agent terminals may include a human agent terminal 20 a or 20b connected to the human agent management apparatus 200 over a localnetwork or a human agent terminal 20 c or 20 d connected to the humanagent management apparatus 200 over an open network such as theInternet. That is, the human agent may be a person who is responsiblefor an unmanned dialogue service assistance task in a predeterminedspace such as a call center office or a person who is freely responsiblefor an unmanned dialogue service assistance task in an undesignatedspace.

When the task for processing the assistance request is allocated by thehuman agent management apparatus 200, the human agent terminals 20 a, 20b, 20 c, and 20 d display information regarding the assistance requestand also display a human agent user interface for receiving dialogueadvancement guide information from the human agent. As described above,the history information of the dialogue may be included in theassistance request. That is, the human agent user interface may includea display region for displaying messages communicated between the userand the chatting bot in the order of time and an input region forreceiving guide information for advancing the dialogue between the userand the chatting bot.

Various situations have been reviewed in which the unmanned dialogueservice apparatus 100 analyzes the dialogue to determine whether thecounselor switching situation has occurred while transmitting orreceiving text message data constituting the dialogue to or from a userterminal. When the counselor switching situation has occurred, the usermakes a dialogue with a counselor instead of the chatting bot.

When a result of the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 analyzingthe dialogue is that the abnormal situation has occurred but thecounselor switching situation has not occurred, the human agent maydetermine whether to apply the counselor instead of the chatting bot.

While the user is making a dialogue with the counselor instead of thechatting bot, the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 no longerperforms a process of analyzing a user message and creating a responsemessage for the user message. Instead, the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 delivers the user message to the counselor managementapparatus 300 and operates in a by-pass mode in which a messagedelivered through the counselor management apparatus 300 and input to acounselor terminal 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, or 30 d is delivered to the userterminal 10 a, 10 b, or 10 c.

FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a second embodiment of the unmanneddialogue service providing system. As shown in FIG. 2, the unmanneddialogue service providing system according to this embodiment includesan unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 and a service managementapparatus 600.

The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 of the unmanned dialogueservice providing system shown in FIG. 2 operates similarly to that ofthe unmanned dialogue service apparatus of FIG. 1 in that the apparatusanalyzes a dialogue between the chatting bot and the user terminal 10 a,10 b, or 10 c and creates a dialogue handover request when it isdetermined that the counselor switching situation has occurred.

The human agent management apparatus 200 of FIG. 1 is implemented as ahuman agent management module 631 inside a session manager 630 of theservice management apparatus 600, and the counselor management apparatus300 of FIG. 1 is implemented as a counselor management module 632 insidethe session manager 630 of the service management apparatus 600. Also,the human agent management apparatus of the present disclosure may beconfigured in the form of an independent apparatus 200 as shown in FIG.1 and may be configured in the form of a software module 631 inside thesession manager 630 as shown in FIG. 2. That is, the counselormanagement apparatus of the present disclosure may be configured in theform of an independent apparatus 300 as shown in FIG. 1 and may beconfigured in the form of a software module 632 inside the sessionmanager 630 as shown in FIG. 2.

A chatting message input by a user to the user terminal 10 a, 10 b, or10 c is transmitted to a chatting server 400 over a network. Thechatting server 400 delivers the chatting message to a chatting agent610 of the service management apparatus 600. The chatting agent 610 is asoftware interface module serving as an adaptor between the sessionmanager 630 and an external apparatus.

When a session for the chatting message delivered by the chatting agent610 is not established, the session manager 630 establishes a newsession for a dialogue to be started from the chatting message anddelivers the chatting message to the unmanned dialogue service apparatus100 along with information regarding the new session. The unmanneddialogue service apparatus 100 creates a response message for thechatting message and matches the information regarding the new sessionto the dialogue including the chatting message. The unmanned dialogueservice apparatus 100 provides the response message to the sessionmanager 630 along with the information regarding the new session.Subsequently, the response message is transmitted to the user terminal10 a, 10 b, or 10 c via the chatting agent 610 and the chatting server400.

As the chatting message included in the dialogue is accumulated, theunmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 may allocate a chatting botmatched to a dialogue domain of the dialogue as a dialogue member anddetermine a dialogue model suitable for a dialogue pattern, therebyproviding an unmanned dialogue service. The session manager 630 alsoprovides the information regarding the new session to the chattingserver 400. Thus, the chatting server 400 manages session information ofthe service management apparatus 600 matched to the dialogue.

When the chatting message is not an initial message for starting thedialogue, the chatting server 400 provides the session information ofthe service management apparatus 600 matched to the dialogue to thechatting agent 610 of the service management apparatus 600 together withthe chatting message.

The service management apparatus 600 has a hybrid architecture thatenables a conventional legacy call center system and the unmanneddialogue service apparatus 100 to interoperate to provide a service. Alegacy interface 620, a call agent 640, and the chatting agent 610,which operate on dedicated hardware, are provided to implement thehybrid architecture.

When the counselor switching situation has occurred in a mode for anunmanned dialogue with a chatting bot, the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 provides a dialogue handover request to the counselormanagement module 632 of the session manager 630. Thus, the unmanneddialogue service apparatus 100 automatically switches into a mode forrelaying transmission or reception of messages between the user terminaland a counselor terminal that receives a task for processing thedialogue handover request allocated by the counselor management module632.

When a result of analyzing the dialogue between the user and thechatting bot is that an abnormal situation has occurred, the human agentmay input, through a human agent interface displayed on a human agentterminal 20 e, 20 f, 20 g, or 20 h, a command for advancing a chattingwith a counselor (see FIG. 7B). In this case, when an input signal ofthe command for advancing a chatting with a counselor is received fromthe human agent terminal 20 e, 20 f, 20 g, or 20 h, the human agentmanagement module 631 provides session information for the dialogue tothe counselor management module 632. The counselor management module 632delivers the session information for the dialogue to a legacy taskdistribution apparatus 500 through the legacy interface 620. The legacytask distribution apparatus 500 allocates a task corresponding to thedialogue to one of counselor terminals 30 g and 30 h connected to thelegacy task distribution apparatus 500. The task corresponding to thedialogue includes the session information for the dialogue.

The counselor terminal 30 g or 30 h transmits a chatting connectionrequest including the session information to the chatting server 400.Like the service management apparatus 600, the chatting server 400manages the session information in the service management apparatus 600on a dialogue basis. Thus, the chatting server 400 may change a partnerof the dialogue, that is, replace the chatting bot by the counselorterminal 30 g or 30 h in response to reception of the chattingconnection request.

The human agent may input, through the human agent interface displayedon the human agent terminal 20 e, 20 f, 20 g, or 20 h, a command foradvancing a phone consultation with a counselor (see FIG. 7C). In thiscase, when an input signal of the command for advancing the phoneconsultation with the counselor is received from the human agentterminal 20 e, 20 f, 20 g, or 20 h, the human agent management module631 provides session information for the dialogue to the counselormanagement module 632. The counselor management module 632 deliversinformation regarding phone connection to the user terminal 10 a, 10 b,or 10 c to an exchanger 700 through the call agent 640. The exchanger700 establishes a phone call with the user terminal 10 a, 10 b, or 10 cusing the phone connection information, and allocates a phoneconsultation task to one of counselor terminals 30 e and 30 f connectedto the exchanger 700 when the establishment of the phone call issuccessful. In an embodiment, the exchanger 700 receives historyinformation of the dialogue from the counselor management module 632through the call agent 640 and provides the history information to thecounselor terminal 30 e or 30 f.

The configuration and operation of the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept will bedescribed below with reference to FIG. 3. The unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 according to this embodiment includes an utterance datainput unit 110 configured to receive text message data of a user createdby a user terminal, a natural language processing unit 120 configured toreceive a text message from the utterance data input unit 110 andperform tokenizing, natural language processing, natural languageunderstanding, and the like, a dialogue management unit 150 configuredto receive a processing result of the natural language processing unit120 and manage advancement of a dialogue including the text messageaccording to a dialogue model of the dialogue, and a natural languagecreation unit 160 configured to create an answer to the text message inthe form of a natural language under control of the dialogue managementunit 150.

The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 according to this embodimentfurther includes a user intention extraction unit 130 and a counselorswitching situation determination unit 140.

The user intention extraction unit 130 receives a processing result ofthe natural language processing unit 120 and dialogue model informationof the dialogue management unit 150 and extracts the user's utteranceintentions according to the text message of the user.

The counselor switching situation determination unit 140 analyzes thedialogue to determine whether a counselor switching situation hasoccurred. The counselor switching situation determination unit 140 mayreceive the processing result of the natural language processing unit120 and the dialogue model information of the dialogue management unit150 as well as a result of the user intention extraction unit 130extracting the user's intention so as to determine whether a counselorswitching situation has occurred. A part described with reference toFIG. 1 may be referred to for the operation of the counselor switchingsituation determination unit 140 according to various types of counselorswitching situations. When the counselor switching situation hasoccurred in a mode for an unmanned dialogue with the chatting bot, thecounselor switching situation determination unit 140 may provide adialogue handover request to the counselor management apparatus. Thus,the unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 automatically switches intoa mode for relaying transmission or reception of messages between theuser terminal and a counselor terminal that receives a task forprocessing the dialogue handover request allocated by the counselormanagement apparatus.

When it is determined that an abnormal situation has occurred, thecounselor switching situation determination unit 140 may transmit anassistance request for advancing the dialogue to an external apparatus.The external apparatus may be, for example, a human agent managementapparatus.

As described with reference to FIG. 1, when a specific type of abnormalsituation (e.g., detection of an actually almost meaningless negativeexpression) is not an actual abnormal situation and thus the human agentmay advance the unmanned dialogue service, the dialogue advancementguide information may be provided to the dialogue management unit 150unlike those shown in FIG. 3, and the dialogue management unit 150 maycontinue the dialogue according to the dialogue model.

The configuration and operation of the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept will bedescribed below with reference to FIG. 4. The unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 according to this embodiment is the same as the unmanneddialogue service apparatus 100 described with reference to FIG. 3,except that a voice message input function and a voice message outputfunction are additionally included. That is, voice message data of auser transmitted from a user terminal is provided to a speech-to-text(STT) processing unit 170, is converted into text message data, and thenprovided to the utterance data input unit 110, and a response textmessage created by the natural language creation unit 160 is provided toa text-to-speech unit (TTS) 180 and is converted into a voice message.

The unmanned dialogue service apparatus 100 according to this embodimentprovides a service for making a dialogue with a chatting bot by voice.However, when it is determined during the dialogue that a counselorswitching situation has occurred, the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 automatically switches into a mode for relayingtransmission or reception of messages between the user terminal and acounselor terminal that receives a task for processing the dialoguehandover request allocated by the counselor management apparatus. Theunmanned dialogue service apparatus 100, which is a speaker connected tothe Internet, may be connected to the user terminal, which has amicrophone.

An unmanned dialogue service providing method according to an embodimentof the inventive concept will be described below with reference to FIG.5. The unmanned dialogue service providing method according to thisembodiment may be performed by a computing apparatus.

To facilitate understanding, each operation of the unmanned dialogueservice providing method according to this embodiment will be describedassuming that the computing apparatus is the unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus 100 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

First, by transmitting or receiving text message data constituting adialogue to or from a user terminal, an unmanned dialogue is madebetween a user and a chatting bot (S100). Then, the unmanned dialogue isanalyzed (S102). When a result of the analysis is that a counselorswitching situation has not occurred (S104), a response sentence for anutterance sentence is provided (S110). When a result of the analysis isthat a counselor switching situation has occurred (S104), a dialoguehandover request is transmitted to a counselor management apparatus(S106). In this case, the user does not perform any operation to make adialogue with a counselor instead of the chatting bot. That is,according to this embodiment, the switching into the dialogue with thecounselor is fully automatically carried out without the user'soperation. Accordingly, according to this embodiment, it is possible toincrease service satisfaction of users.

In some embodiments of the inventive concept, when a result of analyzingthe dialogue is that an abnormal situation has occurred, some operationsof the human agent management apparatus and the human agent terminal areperformed in order to receive a command of the human agent to determinewhether there is a need for counselor switching, without directlyswitching into a counselor dialogue mode, as described above.

A method of automatically switching into a counselor dialogue modeaccording to determination of the human agent will be briefly describedbelow with reference to FIG. 6.

By transmitting or receiving text message data constituting a dialogueto or from a user terminal, an unmanned dialogue is made between a userand a chatting bot (S100). Then, the unmanned dialogue is analyzed(S102). When a result of the analysis is that an abnormal situation hasnot occurred (S105), a response sentence for an utterance sentence isprovided (S110). When a result of the analysis is that an abnormalsituation has occurred (S105), an assistance request is transmitted to ahuman agent management apparatus (S107). In this case, the user does notperform any operation to receive assistance from the human agent insteadof the chatting bot.

Dialogue advancement guide information is received from the human agentmanagement apparatus. When the received information indicates returningto the unmanned dialogue (S110), a response sentence for an utterancesentence is provided (S110). When the received information indicatesswitching into a human counselor (S109), switching is automatically madeinto a mode for relaying transmission or reception of messages betweenthe user terminal and a counselor terminal. Even in this case, the userdoes not perform any operation to make a dialogue with a counselor. Thatis, according to this embodiment, the switching into the dialogue withthe counselor during the dialogue with the chatting bot is fullyautomatically carried out without the user's operation.

In some embodiments of the inventive concept, the operation performedwhen it is determined that the dialogue is in an abnormal situation willbe described below with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C.

Another type in which an abnormal situation has occurred is a case inwhich a negative expression is detected from a dialogue. In this case,for a minor issue, the human agent may make a selection to continue anunmanned counseling as shown in FIG. 7A. For an issue in which it is noteasy to maintain a dialogue, the human agent may make a selection toswitch into a manned counseling (chatting) as shown in FIG. 7B. For anissue in which it is not possible to maintain a dialogue throughchatting, the human agent may make a selection to switch into a mannedcounseling (phone) as shown in FIG. 7C. That is, the unmanned dialogueservice providing method according to this embodiment may switch into amanned counseling after preferential determination by the human agent.

The above-described methods according to embodiments of the inventiveconcept may be performed by executing a computer program embodied incomputer-readable code. The computer program may be transmitted from afirst computing device to a second computing device via a network, suchas the Internet, and may be installed in, and used by, the secondcomputing device. The first computing device and the second computingdevice include a server apparatus, a physical server belonging to aserver pool for a cloud service, and a stationary computing device suchas a desktop personal computer (PC).

The computer program may be stored in a recording medium such as adigital versatile disc-read only memory (DVD-ROM), a flash memorydevice, or the like.

While the present invention has been particularly illustrated anddescribed with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will beunderstood by those of ordinary, skill in the art that various changesin form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spiritand scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.The exemplary embodiments should be considered in a descriptive senseonly and not for purposes of limitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of providing an unmanned dialogueservice, which is performed by an unmanned dialogue service apparatus,the method comprising: transmitting or receiving text message dataconstituting a dialogue to or from a user terminal in an unmanneddialogue model; analyzing the dialogue and determining whether acounselor switching situation has occurred; based on determining thatthe counselor switching situation has occurred, transmitting a dialoguehandover request including information regarding the dialogue to acounselor management apparatus; and automatically switching into a modefor transmitting or receiving messages between the user terminal and acounselor terminal that receives a task for processing the dialoguehandover request allocated by the counselor management apparatus,wherein the determining whether the counselor switching situation hasoccurred comprises determining that the counselor switching situationhas occurred based on a dialogue model of the dialogue being a scenariomodel and slot filling not being completed after a user answer beingmade a predetermined number of times.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe determining whether the counselor switching situation has occurredfurther comprises determining that the counselor switching situation hasoccurred based on a predetermined expression being detected from textconstituting the dialogue, and wherein the predetermined expressioncomprises a keyword and a natural language expression indicating ahuman-counselor-dedicated task.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein thedetermining whether the counselor switching situation has occurredfurther comprises: identifying an intention of a message recentlyreceived from the user terminal; and determining that the counselorswitching situation has occurred based on the identified intention beinga request for processing a human-counselor-dedicated task.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein the determining whether the counselor switchingsituation has occurred further comprises: detecting a negativeexpression from text constituting the dialogue that is received from theuser terminal; and determining whether a counselor switching situationhas occurred by using at least one from among a number of abnormalsituations detected and a frequency of abnormal situations detected. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the counselorswitching situation has occurred further comprises determining that thecounselor switching situation has occurred based on an expression forcalling a counselor being detected from text constituting the dialoguethat is received from the user terminal.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the determining whether the counselor switching situation hasoccurred further comprises determining that the counselor switchingsituation has occurred based on it not being possible to identify anintention of a message recently received from the user terminalaccording to a dialogue model of the dialogue, and a counter-questionfor identifying the intention being asked at least a predeterminednumber of times.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determiningwhether the counselor switching situation has occurred further comprisesdetermining that the counselor switching situation has occurred based ona duration of the dialogue exceeding a reference time.
 8. A method ofproviding an unmanned dialogue service, which is performed by anunmanned dialogue service apparatus, the method comprising: transmittingor receiving text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a userterminal in an unmanned dialogue model; analyzing the dialogue anddetermining whether an abnormal situation has occurred; based ondetermining that the abnormal situation has occurred, transmitting anassistance request including information regarding the dialogue to ahuman agent system; and automatically switching into a mode fortransmitting or receiving messages between the user terminal and acounselor terminal according to a counselor switching command input of ahuman agent through a human agent terminal, the human agent terminalbeing connected to the human agent system, and the human agent terminalreceiving a task for processing the assistance request allocated by thehuman agent system, wherein the determining whether the abnormalsituation has occurred comprises: detecting a negative expression fromtext constituting the dialogue that is received from the user terminal;and determining whether the abnormal situation has occurred using atleast one from among a number of negative expressions detected and afrequency of negative expressions detected.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein the human agent terminal provides a user interface foradditionally allowing an input for a command of returning to theunmanned dialogue model.
 10. An unmanned dialogue service apparatuscomprising: an utterance data input interface configured to transmit orreceive text message data constituting a dialogue to or from a userterminal in an unmanned dialogue model; and a counselor switchingsituation determiner configured to: analyze the dialogue and determinewhether a counselor switching situation has occurred; transmit adialogue handover request including information regarding the dialogueto a counselor management apparatus based on it being determined thatthe counselor switching situation has occurred; and automaticallyswitch, for the dialogue, into a mode for transmitting or receivingmessages between the user terminal and a counselor terminal thatreceives a task for processing the dialogue handover request allocatedby the counselor management apparatus, wherein the determining whetherthe counselor switching situation has occurred comprises determiningthat the counselor switching situation has occurred based on a dialoguemodel of the dialogue being a scenario model and slot filling not beingcompleted after a user answer being made a predetermined number oftimes.
 11. The unmanned dialogue service apparatus of claim 10, whereinthe counselor switching situation determiner is further configured todetermine that the counselor switching situation has occurred based on apredetermined expression being detected from text constituting thedialogue, and wherein the predetermined expression comprises a keywordand a natural language expression indicating a human-counselor-dedicatedtask.
 12. The unmanned dialogue service apparatus of claim 10, whereinthe counselor switching situation determiner is further configured to:identify an intention of a message recently received from the userterminal, and determine that the counselor switching situation hasoccurred based on the identified intention being a request forprocessing a human-counselor-dedicated task.
 13. The unmanned dialogueservice apparatus of claim 10, wherein the counselor switching situationdeterminer is further configured to: detect a negative expression fromtext constituting the dialogue that is received from the user terminal,and determine whether the counselor switching situation has occurred byusing at least one from among a number of abnormal situations detectedand a frequency of abnormal situations detected.
 14. The unmanneddialogue service apparatus of claim 10, wherein the counselor switchingsituation determiner is configured to determine that the counselorswitching situation has occurred based on an expression for calling acounselor being detected from text constituting the dialogue that isreceived from the user terminal.
 15. The unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus of claim 10, wherein the counselor switching situationdeterminer is further configured to determine that the counselorswitching situation has occurred based on it not being possible toidentify an intention of a message recently received from the userterminal according to a dialogue model of the dialogue, and acounter-question for identifying the intention being asked at least apredetermined number of times.
 16. The unmanned dialogue serviceapparatus of claim 10, wherein the counselor switching situationdeterminer is configured to determine that the counselor switchingsituation has occurred based on a dialogue model of the dialogue being ascenario model and slot filling not being completed after apredetermined time passes or a user answer being made a predeterminednumber of times.
 17. The unmanned dialogue service apparatus of claim10, wherein the counselor switching situation determiner is furtherconfigured to determine that the counselor switching situation hasoccurred based on a duration of the dialogue exceeding a reference time.